IN VITRO EXPLORATION OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF TWO DIFFERENT MATERIALS: HYBRID CERAMIC AND HYBRID RESIN

Objectives: This study evaluates two dental materials—modified resin with glass fiber (Trinia) and hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic)—for implant crown restoration, focusing on biocompatibility. Material and Methods: Using a CAD/CAM system, two Vita Enamic blocks and a multidirectional network disc of Trinia were fabricated. A human gingival fibroblasts line (HFIB-G) was used to investigate cell viability and cytotoxicity of the dental materials through MTT, respectively LDH assays. Results: After 24 hours of incubation the glass fiber-reinforced composite (Trinia) decreased the viability of human gingival fibroblasts by almost 17% of the control level, while hybrid ceramic composite (Vita Enamic) reduced the viability significantly by 35%, suggesting cytotoxicity-induced to the HFIB-G cells. The highest degree of cytotoxicity was induced by ceramic-based composites after 24 hours, in this case, a ~42% increase in NO level above control was reported after 24 hours of incubation, in accordance with the MTT results. Conclusion: These findings suggest that while hybrid ceramic is more elastic, it is less biocompatible and less durable under compressive forces than the modified resin. As a clinician, the choice of ideal dental material should consider the desired balance between mechanical properties and biological compatibility.